Foods cure diabetes Diabetes type 1 diabetes symptoms diabetes 1: cure diabetes type 1 Diabetes type ii diabetes diet effects of diabetes 3 days ago. It will help you deal with your tinnitus in a better way. Anxiety in dementia. A critical review. Paul J. Kunik,b,c,d,e. Lynn Snow,d,f,g. Nancy Wilson,b,h and Melinda Stanleyb,ea. Current SIXX:A.M http://www.celebtwitternews.com/dj-ashba-to-perform-national-anthem-at-2015-monster-energy-cup/6302/. Virginia summer camps for boys and girls. Kids day camps and residential summer camps. A constantly updating news feed on Belizean related news. FOR TODAY'S BELIZE WEATHER, CLICK HERE. Click for our Daily Tropical Weather Report. Last night's TV news on Channel 7 and Channel 5. This report updates the 2006 CDC recommendations for the diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases in the United States (8). Updated recommendations are needed to address the changing epidemiology of. OUR GOALS We established one Mission Statement and 3 goals for Pursuit. Our Mission was first to help The Center, and second, to try to enrich the lives of all our 11 million neighbors with disABILITIES. The offical website for Local DJ, A Rock 'n' Roll History by Peter C. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Houston, 1. Moursund St., Houston, TX 7. United Statesb. Houston Center for Quality of Care & Utilization Studies, Health Services Research and Development Service, Michael E. De. Bakey VAMC (1. Holcombe, Houston, TX 7. United Statesc. Michael E. De. Bakey VA Medical Center, 2. Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 7. United Statesd. Veterans Affairs South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, United Statese. Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS 3. Houston, TX 7. 70. United Statesf. Center for Mental Health and Aging, Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Box 8. Osband Hall, Tuscaloosa, AL 3. United Statesg. Tuscaloosa Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tuscaloosa, AL, United Statesh. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS2. Houston, TX 7. 70. United States*Corresponding author. Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, 2nd floor, West, 6. East Township Line Rd, Elkins Park, PA 1. United States. Tel.: +1 6. E- mail addresses: ude. Puongie. S (P. J. Seignourel), ude. M. E. Kunik), ude. L. Snow), ude. cmt. N. Wilson), ude. cmt. M. Stanley). The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at Clin Psychol Rev. See other articles in PMC that cite the published article. Abstract. Until recently, little attention has been paid to anxiety symptoms in dementia. However, anxiety is common in this population, and associated with poor outcome and quality of life. The current review examines the existing literature around three major themes: the definition of anxiety in dementia, the properties of available instruments for assessment, and the clinical characteristics of anxiety in this population. Defining anxiety in individuals with dementia is complicated by the overlap between symptoms of anxiety, depression and dementia, and by the influence of the source of information. Several instruments are available to assess anxiety in this population, including general neuropsychiatric instruments and two scales designed specifically for this purpose. The reliability of these instruments is acceptable, but their validity has not been sufficiently examined, and they may discriminate poorly between anxiety and depression. Anxiety may be higher in vascular dementia than in Alzheimer’s Disease, and it decreases in the severe stages of dementia. It is associated with poor quality of life and behavioral disturbances, even after controlling for depression. Little is known, however, about its social and environmental correlates. Limitations of the existing literature and key directions for future research are discussed. Keywords: Dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease, Anxiety. For the past 2. 0 years, a growing body of literature has examined the assessment, prevalence, and treatment of neuropsychiatric and behavioral problems associated with dementia. Until recently, anxiety symptoms in dementia have received little attention (Shankar & Orrell, 2. Anxiety, however, is common in this population, with prevalence estimates ranging from 5% to 2. Chemerinski, Petracca, Manes, Leiguarda, & Starkstein, 1. Ferretti, Mc. Curry, Logsdon, Gibbons, & Teri, 2. Forsell & Winblad, 1. Skoog, 1. 99. 3; Starkstein, Jorge, Petracca, & Robinson, 2. Ballard, Neill, O’Brien, Mc. Keith, Ince, & Perry, 2. Chemerinski et al., 1. Lyketsos et al., 2. Wands, Merskey, Hachinski, Fisman, Fox, & Boniferro, 1. Anxiety is more common in individuals with dementia than in individuals without dementia (Bungener, Jouvent, & Derouesne, 1. Hwang, Masterman, Ortiz, Fairbanks, & Cummings, 2. Lyketsos, Steinberg, Tschanz, Norton, Steffens, & Breitner, 2. Porter et al., 2. Wands et al., 1. 99. Qo. L), problem behaviors, limitations in activities of daily living, nighttime awakenings and poorer neuropsychological performance, even after controlling for depression (Hoe, Hancock, Livingston, & Orrell, 2. Mc. Curry, Gibbons, Logsdon, & Teri, 2. Starkstein et al., 2. Teri et al., 1. 99. Anxiety in dementia has also been associated with future nursing home placement, suggesting that it represents a particularly burdensome problem for caregivers (Gibbons, Teri, & Logsdon, 2. In the past few years, researchers have begun to address anxiety symptoms in dementia. Several reviews have been published, providing useful updates and suggesting future directions (Mintzer, Brawman- Mintzer, & Mirski, 2. Shankar & Orrell, 2. Yesavage & Taylor, 1. These reviews, however, are brief, address only limited aspects of the topic and are now several years old. Given recent developments in assessment and conceptual approaches, an updated and comprehensive review is warranted. The current review focuses on three main topics, each of which answers a key question or set of questions and provides specific recommendations. We begin with a discussion of what is the best way to define anxiety in dementia. This discussion sets a foundation for our second section, where we critically review the instruments that have been used to assess anxiety in dementia, concluding with recommendations for assessment. Third, we examine the clinical characteristics of anxiety in dementia. We conclude by a discussion of existing limitations and recommendations for future research. Search strategy. Initial searches in Pub. Med and Psyc. INFO were conducted using the subject words dementia combined with anxiety. In Psych. INFO, we also searched the combination of subject words dementia and neuropsychiatry. These two databases were chosen because they are representative of the literature published on this topic and have been used in prior reviews of anxiety in caregivers of individuals with dementia (Cooper, Balamurali, & Livingston, 2. Qo. L (Olatunji, Cisler, & Tolin, 2. Additional articles were found through cross- references. Based on this initial search, 5. A majority of articles (N=3. The remaining 1. 25 articles were reviewed with attention to the following inclusion criteria: (a) the article was in English, (b) the study presented original empirical research, (c) the sample, or at least a subset of the sample, consisted of participants who were diagnosed with dementia, (d) when the total sample included participants with and without dementia, sufficient data were available to evaluate the effect of interest in the dementia group, (e) anxiety symptoms or disorders were assessed, (f) the sample size was larger than 2. Guadagnoli & Velicer, 1. Seventy- four studies met these criteria. The subsets of studies selected to address each of the main topics of this review (definition, assessment, and clinical characteristics) are described in each section below. Defining anxiety in dementia. As already noted, the rate of anxiety disorders and symptoms in dementia varies dramatically from study to study, suggesting that there is a lack of consensus about how to define and conceptualize anxiety in this population. Several issues complicate this question, including the distinction between symptoms of anxiety and symptoms of dementia, the overlap between anxiety, depression, and agitation, and what constitutes the best source of information (e. We now examine each of these questions in turn. Differentiating anxiety from dementia. One of the difficulties in studying anxiety in dementia is the symptom overlap between the two conditions. For Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), in particular, possible symptoms include restlessness, being easily fatigued and difficulty concentrating, all of which can occur in dementia without the presence of an anxiety disorder. Unfortunately, the hallmark of GAD, excessive anxiety or worry that is difficult to control, cannot always be assessed reliably in individuals with dementia, particularly those with expressive or receptive language difficulties. Thus, a difficult question for researchers and clinicians is whether anxiety symptoms that could potentially be accounted for by the presence of dementia should be used to diagnose an anxiety disorder. To address this question, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM- IV; American Psychiatric Association, 2. In the case of anxiety and dementia, several factors suggest that such a direct relationship is possible. First, the neural degeneration responsible for the cognitive decline observed in dementia could also affect limbic structures associated with emotional regulation. Second, anxiety is more common in individuals with dementia than in individuals without dementia, and, as we will see, the prevalence of anxiety varies by dementia type. Third, as already mentioned, dementia symptoms overlap substantially with anxiety symptoms. Determining whether a direct causal relationship exists for a given patient, however, is exceedingly difficult. Several possible strategies have been used to address this difficulty: In some studies, the potential overlap between symptoms of anxiety and symptoms of dementia has been largely ignored: DSM- IV criteria or measures of anxiety symptomatology have been used as usual, regardless of etiology (e. Ferretti et al., 2. Only symptoms that are clearly the result of a comorbid medical condition (e. Shankar, Walker, & Frost, 1. This approach has the advantage of avoiding subjective determination of the cause of anxiety symptoms. It raises the risk, however, of inflating the severity of anxiety symptoms and the prevalence of anxiety disorders. Some instruments (which will be reviewed in the next section), designed specifically for the assessment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia, include only items that are less likely to overlap with symptoms of dementia.
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